What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Trigeminal neuralgia is an often excruciatingly painful syndrome involving a portion of one side of the face. The pain, which is usually paroxysmal (occurring in episodes) and profoundly disabling, may be triggered by speaking, chewing, or brushing teeth. This syndrome most frequently targets older populations, but can be occur at any age.
What is the trigeminal nerve?
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves (nerves that come directly from the brain, not the spinal cord) and is responsible for sensation in the face. The nerve divides into three separate branches. The first branch (opthalmic) controls sensation in the eye, upper eyelid and forehead. The second branch (maxillary) controls sensation in the lower eyelid, cheek, nostril, upper lip and upper gum. The third branch (mandibular) controls sensations in the jaw, lower lip, lower gum and some of the muscles used for chewing.
Trigeminal neuralgia - Click image to view interactive video
What are the causes?
In most cases, there are no identifying causes. It is thought that perhaps trauma or certain viruses may be involved.
Is trigeminal neuralgia preventable?
Not at this time. However, once a diagnosis is established, early treatment of the pain may be important for long term successful management.
What treatment options are available?
Recent onset of trigeminal neuralgia often responds favorably to
steroid injection of the trigeminal nerve/ganglion.
Long-standing cases may be controlled by various medications such as anti-inflammatories,
anticonvulsants ,
antidepressants , and
narcotics . For severe cases which linger over prolonged periods, destruction of the trigeminal nerve by
radiofrequency lesioning is sometimes recommended. Rarely is surgical treatment of anything but short term value and is fraught with operation risks.
When should I call PainCare?
Medical attention should be sought as soon as symptoms occur. Following confirmation of the diagnosis, an appointment should be made with a PainCare specialist.
